认识python中的set集合及其用法
python中,集合(set)是一个无序排列,可哈希,支持集合关系测试,不支持索引和切片操作,没有特定语法格式,只能通过工厂函数创建.集合里不会出现两个相同的元素,所以集合常用来对字符串或元组或列表中的元素进行去重操作。
生成一个集合可以使用如下语法:
生成集合语法1:
>>>l1=[1,2,3,4,5,6] >>>s1=set(l1) >>>print(s1) {1,2,3,4,5,6}
在这里,使用工厂函数set创建集合,set的参数可以是一个列表,也可以是一个元组或字符串。
生成集合语法2:
>>>s2={6,7,8,9,10} >>>print(s2) {8,9,10,6,7}
生成集合语法3:
>>>s3={iforiinrange(10)} >>>print(s3) {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
集合类型的方法和操作:
add
为集合增加一个元素,如果集合中本来已经存在这个元素对集合无影响 Addanelementtoaset. Thishasnoeffectiftheelementisalreadypresent.
>>>s1={1,2,3,4,5,6,7} >>>s1.add(8) >>>print(s1) {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8} >>>s1.add(9) >>>print(s1) {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
clear
清空集合里所有的元素 Removeallelementsfromthisset.
>>>s1={1,2,3,4,5,6,7} >>>s2={5,6,7,8,9} >>>s1.clear() >>>print(s1) set() >>>s2.clear() >>>print(s2) set()
copy
对集合进行浅拷贝(只复制元素,不复制内存地址) Returnashallowcopyofaset.
>>>s1={1,2,3,4,5,6,7} >>>print(s1,id(s1)) {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}140509859430472 >>>s2=s1.copy() >>>print(s2,id(s2)) {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}140509842716712
difference
求两个或多个集合的差集,并返回一个新集合 Returnthedifferenceoftwoormoresetsasanewset.
>>>s1={1,2,3,4,5,6,7} >>>s2={5,6,7,8,9,10} >>>s1.difference(s2) {1,2,3,4} >>>s2.difference(s1) {8,9,10}
difference_update
把两个集合的交集部分从集合中移除 Removeallelementsofanothersetfromthisset.
>>>s1={1,2,3,4,5,6,7} >>>s2={5,6,7,8,9,10} >>>s1.difference_update(s2) >>>print(s1) {1,2,3,4} >>>s1={1,2,3,4,5,6,7} >>>s2={5,6,7,8,9,10} >>>s2.difference_update(s1) >>>print(s2) {8,9,10}
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discard
从集合中移除一个元素,如果被移除的元素不在集合中,不会报错 Removeanelementfromasetifitisamember. Iftheelementisnotamember,donothing.
{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} >>>s1.discard(7) >>>print(s1) {1,2,3,4,5,6} >>>s1.discard(4) >>>print(s1) {1,2,3,5,6} >>>print(s1) {1,2,3,5,6}
intersection
求两个或多个集合中的交集 Returntheintersectionoftwosetsasanewset.
>>>s1={1,2,3,4,5,6,7} >>>s2={5,6,7,8,9,10} >>>s1.intersection(s2) {5,6,7} >>>s2.intersection(s1) {5,6,7}
intersection_update
把两个集合的交集做为新的集合 Updateasetwiththeintersectionofitselfandanother.
>>>s1={1,2,3,4,5,6,7} >>>s2={5,6,7,8,9,10} >>>s1.intersection_update(s2) >>>print(s1) {5,6,7} >>>print(s2) {5,6,7,8,9,10} >>>s1={1,2,3,4,5,6,7} >>>s2={5,6,7,8,9,10} >>>s2.intersection_update(s1) >>>print(s2) {5,6,7} >>>print(s1) {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
isdisjoint
两个集合没有交集则返回True ReturnTrueiftwosetshaveanullintersection.
>>>s1={1,2,3,4,5,6,7} >>>s2={5,6,7,8,9,10} >>>s1.isdisjoint(s2) False >>>s1={1,2,3,4} >>>s2={6,7,8,9} >>>s1.isdisjoint(s2) True
issubset
如果本集合是参数集合的子集,返回True Reportwhetheranothersetcontainsthisset.
>>>s1={1,2,3,4} >>>s2={1,2,3,4,5,6,7} >>>s1.issubset(s2) True >>>s2.issubset(s1) False
issuperset
如果本集合是参数集合的超集,返回True Reportwhetherthissetcontainsanotherset.
>>>s1={1,2,3,4} >>>s2={1,2,3,4,5,6,7} >>>s1.issuperset(s2) False >>>s2.issuperset(s1) True
pop
从集合中移除一个元素,如果集合为空,则报错 Removeandreturnanarbitrarysetelement. RaisesKeyErrorifthesetisempty.
>>>s1={2,3,4,5} >>>s1.pop() 2 >>>print(s1) {3,4,5} >>>s1.pop() 3 >>>s1.pop() 4 >>>s1.pop() 5 >>>s1.pop() Traceback(mostrecentcalllast): File"<stdin>",line1,in<module> KeyError:'popfromanemptyset'
remove
移除集合中的一个元素,如果集合是空的,则报错 Removeanelementfromaset;itmustbeamember. Iftheelementisnotamember,raiseaKeyError.
>>>s1={1,2,3,4,5,6} >>>s1.remove(4) >>>print(s1) {1,2,3,5,6} >>>s1.remove(9) Traceback(mostrecentcalllast): File"<stdin>",line1,in<module> KeyError:9
symmetric_difference
返回两个集合的对称差集的集合 Returnthesymmetricdifferenceoftwosetsasanewset.
>>>s1={1,2,3,4} >>>s2={6,7,8,9} >>>s1.symmetric_difference(s2) {1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9} >>>s3={1,2,3,4,5,6} >>>s4={5,6,7,8,9,10} >>>s3.symmetric_difference(s4) {1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10}
symmetric_difference_update
与参数集合做对称差集,并返回给自身 Updateasetwiththesymmetricdifferenceofitselfandanother.
>>>s1={1,2,3,4} >>>s2={6,7,8,9} >>>s2.symmetric_difference_update(s1) >>>print(s2) {1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9} >>>s3={1,2,3,4,5,6} >>>s4={5,6,7,8,9,10} >>>s3.symmetric_difference_update(s4) >>>print(s3) {1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10}
union
求两个或多个集合的并集 Returntheunionofsetsasanewset.
>>>s1={1,2,3,4,5,6} >>>s2={5,6,7,8,9} >>>s1.union(s2) {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} >>>s3={1,2,3,4} >>>s4={6,7,8,9} >>>s3.union(s4) {1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9}
update
与另一个集合求并集,并返回给自身 Updateasetwiththeunionofitselfandothers.
>>>s3={1,2,3,4} >>>s4={6,7,8,9} >>>s3.update(s4) >>>print(s3) {1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9}