Python之set集合的相关介绍

Python (173) 2023-04-21 07:07:56

认识python中的set集合及其用法

python中,集合(set)是一个无序排列,可哈希,支持集合关系测试,不支持索引和切片操作,没有特定语法格式,只能通过工厂函数创建.集合里不会出现两个相同的元素,所以集合常用来对字符串或元组或列表中的元素进行去重操作。

生成一个集合可以使用如下语法:

生成集合语法1:

>>>l1=[1,2,3,4,5,6]
>>>s1=set(l1)
>>>print(s1)
{1,2,3,4,5,6}

在这里,使用工厂函数set创建集合,set的参数可以是一个列表,也可以是一个元组或字符串。

生成集合语法2:

>>>s2={6,7,8,9,10}
>>>print(s2)
{8,9,10,6,7}

生成集合语法3:

>>>s3={iforiinrange(10)}
>>>print(s3)
{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}

集合类型的方法和操作:

add

为集合增加一个元素,如果集合中本来已经存在这个元素对集合无影响
Addanelementtoaset.
Thishasnoeffectiftheelementisalreadypresent.
>>>s1={1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
>>>s1.add(8)
>>>print(s1)
{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
>>>s1.add(9)
>>>print(s1)
{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}

clear

清空集合里所有的元素
Removeallelementsfromthisset.
>>>s1={1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
>>>s2={5,6,7,8,9}
>>>s1.clear()
>>>print(s1)
set()
>>>s2.clear()
>>>print(s2)
set()

copy

对集合进行浅拷贝(只复制元素,不复制内存地址)
Returnashallowcopyofaset.
>>>s1={1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
>>>print(s1,id(s1))
{1,2,3,4,5,6,7}140509859430472
>>>s2=s1.copy()
>>>print(s2,id(s2))
{1,2,3,4,5,6,7}140509842716712

difference

求两个或多个集合的差集,并返回一个新集合
Returnthedifferenceoftwoormoresetsasanewset.
>>>s1={1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
>>>s2={5,6,7,8,9,10}
>>>s1.difference(s2)
{1,2,3,4}
>>>s2.difference(s1)
{8,9,10}

difference_update

把两个集合的交集部分从集合中移除
Removeallelementsofanothersetfromthisset.
>>>s1={1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
>>>s2={5,6,7,8,9,10}
>>>s1.difference_update(s2)
>>>print(s1)
{1,2,3,4}
>>>s1={1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
>>>s2={5,6,7,8,9,10}
>>>s2.difference_update(s1)
>>>print(s2)
{8,9,10}

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discard

从集合中移除一个元素,如果被移除的元素不在集合中,不会报错
Removeanelementfromasetifitisamember.
Iftheelementisnotamember,donothing.
{1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
>>>s1.discard(7)
>>>print(s1)
{1,2,3,4,5,6}
>>>s1.discard(4)
>>>print(s1)
{1,2,3,5,6}
>>>print(s1)
{1,2,3,5,6}

intersection

求两个或多个集合中的交集
Returntheintersectionoftwosetsasanewset.
>>>s1={1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
>>>s2={5,6,7,8,9,10}
>>>s1.intersection(s2)
{5,6,7}
>>>s2.intersection(s1)
{5,6,7}

intersection_update

把两个集合的交集做为新的集合
Updateasetwiththeintersectionofitselfandanother.
>>>s1={1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
>>>s2={5,6,7,8,9,10}
>>>s1.intersection_update(s2)
>>>print(s1)
{5,6,7}
>>>print(s2)
{5,6,7,8,9,10}
>>>s1={1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
>>>s2={5,6,7,8,9,10}
>>>s2.intersection_update(s1)
>>>print(s2)
{5,6,7}
>>>print(s1)
{1,2,3,4,5,6,7}

isdisjoint

两个集合没有交集则返回True
ReturnTrueiftwosetshaveanullintersection.
>>>s1={1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
>>>s2={5,6,7,8,9,10}
>>>s1.isdisjoint(s2)
False
>>>s1={1,2,3,4}
>>>s2={6,7,8,9}
>>>s1.isdisjoint(s2)
True

issubset

如果本集合是参数集合的子集,返回True
Reportwhetheranothersetcontainsthisset.
>>>s1={1,2,3,4}
>>>s2={1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
>>>s1.issubset(s2)
True
>>>s2.issubset(s1)
False

issuperset

如果本集合是参数集合的超集,返回True
Reportwhetherthissetcontainsanotherset.
>>>s1={1,2,3,4}
>>>s2={1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
>>>s1.issuperset(s2)
False
>>>s2.issuperset(s1)
True

pop

从集合中移除一个元素,如果集合为空,则报错
Removeandreturnanarbitrarysetelement.
RaisesKeyErrorifthesetisempty.
>>>s1={2,3,4,5}
>>>s1.pop()
2
>>>print(s1)
{3,4,5}
>>>s1.pop()
3
>>>s1.pop()
4
>>>s1.pop()
5
>>>s1.pop()
Traceback(mostrecentcalllast):
File"<stdin>",line1,in<module>
KeyError:'popfromanemptyset'

remove

移除集合中的一个元素,如果集合是空的,则报错
Removeanelementfromaset;itmustbeamember.
Iftheelementisnotamember,raiseaKeyError.
>>>s1={1,2,3,4,5,6}
>>>s1.remove(4)
>>>print(s1)
{1,2,3,5,6}
>>>s1.remove(9)
Traceback(mostrecentcalllast):
File"<stdin>",line1,in<module>
KeyError:9

symmetric_difference

返回两个集合的对称差集的集合
Returnthesymmetricdifferenceoftwosetsasanewset.
>>>s1={1,2,3,4}
>>>s2={6,7,8,9}
>>>s1.symmetric_difference(s2)
{1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9}
>>>s3={1,2,3,4,5,6}
>>>s4={5,6,7,8,9,10}
>>>s3.symmetric_difference(s4)
{1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10}

symmetric_difference_update

与参数集合做对称差集,并返回给自身
Updateasetwiththesymmetricdifferenceofitselfandanother.
>>>s1={1,2,3,4}
>>>s2={6,7,8,9}
>>>s2.symmetric_difference_update(s1)
>>>print(s2)
{1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9}
>>>s3={1,2,3,4,5,6}
>>>s4={5,6,7,8,9,10}
>>>s3.symmetric_difference_update(s4)
>>>print(s3)
{1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10}

union

求两个或多个集合的并集
Returntheunionofsetsasanewset.
>>>s1={1,2,3,4,5,6}
>>>s2={5,6,7,8,9}
>>>s1.union(s2)
{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
>>>s3={1,2,3,4}
>>>s4={6,7,8,9}
>>>s3.union(s4)
{1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9}

update

与另一个集合求并集,并返回给自身
Updateasetwiththeunionofitselfandothers.
>>>s3={1,2,3,4}
>>>s4={6,7,8,9}
>>>s3.update(s4)
>>>print(s3)
{1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9}
THE END

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